Japan’s media recently criticized India’s foreign policy under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, calling it ineffective and even damaging to India’s position in South Asia. While Japan is often described as a “vassal state” of the U.S. because of its reliance on American security, India prides itself on having an independent foreign policy. However, Japanese reports claim that India’s strategy may be too independent, to the point of isolating itself from its neighbors.

India’s Neighbors Turning to China?

One of the main arguments by Japanese media is that countries like Sri Lanka and the Maldives, which have traditionally had close ties with India, are now leaning towards China. This is seen as a failure of Modi’s “neighbourhood-first” policy—a diplomatic approach meant to strengthen relations with countries closest to India. According to these reports, India’s inability to adapt to the changing political moods in the region has allowed China to swoop in and gain influence.

In Sri Lanka, for example, recent political shifts have favored closer ties with China, despite India’s attempts to maintain a strong relationship. Japan’s media suggests that India’s approach lacks the finesse needed to keep these countries aligned with New Delhi, as they increasingly prioritize their own national interests over loyalty to India.

Japan’s Critique: A Misunderstanding or Malicious?

Not everyone agrees with Japan’s harsh critique. Former Indian diplomat Anil Trigunayat believes the Japanese media is either misunderstanding or misrepresenting India’s foreign policy. He argues that India’s “neighbourhood-first” policy is actually about promoting regional development and cooperation, not about dictating terms or imposing regime changes. Trigunayat emphasizes that India’s strategy focuses on the prosperity of all South Asian countries, understanding that India’s own success is linked to the well-being of its neighbors.

India’s approach, according to Trigunayat, is based on working with current governments, regardless of who is in power. This has been key in India’s support for countries like Sri Lanka, especially during its recent financial crisis. India has continued to provide aid and assistance even when governments change, signaling that its commitment is to the people of these nations, not just their leaders.

India’s Development Diplomacy: A Success Story

Trigunayat points out that India’s development assistance, known as the “development compact,” has played a vital role in helping South Asian countries grow. This assistance includes grants, loans, trade deals, technology transfers, and technical training. For decades, India has used this strategy to build strong ties with countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan.

In fact, many countries in the region, including the Maldives and Afghanistan, continue to engage with India despite any external pressure from China or other powers. These nations recognize the long-term benefits of partnering with India, as it supports their economic growth and development without demanding political loyalty or interfering in their domestic affairs.

A Strategic Balancing Act

The competition between India and China for influence in South Asia is undeniable. Both countries are neighbors to nations like Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, and each is trying to gain an upper hand. China has been particularly aggressive in offering financial support, infrastructure deals, and loans, often outpacing India in sheer economic clout.

However, India’s strategy is different. Unlike China, India focuses on building partnerships based on mutual respect and shared values. Countries in the region appreciate this approach, as India does not pressure them into exclusive partnerships but rather encourages them to pursue what is best for their own national interests.

Is Japan’s Criticism Justified?

Japan’s media argues that India’s foreign policy under Modi is too assertive and is causing resentment among its neighbors, leading them to look elsewhere for support—mainly to China. This claim has sparked debate. Some see it as a valid critique, while others view it as an oversimplification of a complex geopolitical situation.

India’s relationship with its neighbors is indeed facing challenges, but it’s important to note that India has continued to engage with countries even during difficult times. For example, despite political changes in Sri Lanka and economic challenges in the Maldives, India remains an important partner. Recent visits by leaders from these countries to India show that the ties between these nations and New Delhi are still strong.

The Bigger Picture: India’s Independent Foreign Policy

While Japan may critique India’s foreign policy, India remains steadfast in its belief in independent diplomacy. Unlike Japan, which is closely tied to the U.S. for its security, India does not align itself with any single country or alliance. Instead, it forms strategic partnerships that allow it to stay flexible and respond to changing global dynamics.

This independence is seen as both a strength and a weakness. It allows India to maintain its sovereignty and make decisions that benefit its national interests without being constrained by alliances. However, it also means that India has to navigate complex relationships with powerful neighbors like China, while maintaining its influence in South Asia.

India’s Path Forward

India’s foreign policy under Modi is a work in progress. While it faces criticism from Japan and other international observers, India continues to play a crucial role in the development and stability of South Asia. As countries in the region balance their relationships with both India and China, India’s cooperative, development-first approach may prove to be a more sustainable and respected strategy in the long run.

Ultimately, India’s foreign policy is designed to foster partnerships that are beneficial for both India and its neighbors, without forcing anyone into alliances or dependencies. Whether Japan’s critique holds weight or is simply a misunderstanding, India remains committed to maintaining its influence in South Asia through diplomacy, development, and cooperation.