North Korea’s Balloon Warfare: Are GPS-Guided Payloads Next?

North Korea is sending balloons filled with trash and even excrement over to South Korea, but recently something more alarming has been found: some of these balloons are now carrying GPS transmitters. South Korea’s military has discovered this new development, which suggests North Korea might be using the balloons not just for creating a nuisance but also for spying or testing new technologies.

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For months, North Korea has been launching waves of these balloons, which usually burst in the sky, scattering garbage across South Korea. But now, the addition of GPS devices means these balloons could be tracking where they go and collecting important data. This could be part of a larger plan, maybe to improve their military capabilities or gather intelligence for future conflicts.

South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff confirmed they found GPS transmitters in some of the balloons but didn’t say when exactly they were launched. It’s the first time North Korean balloons with such devices have been found, marking a shift from previous balloon campaigns that only carried trash and biological waste.

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Pieces of garbage (at the bottom of the picture) fall to the ground after a trash-carrying balloon is launched across the border by North Korea in the sky above Seoul on October 4, 2024. Photo by ANTHONY WALLACE / AFP ANTHONY WALLACE

The GPS devices, while not capable of changing the balloon’s path, can still give North Korea useful information. For example, tracking the flight routes of these balloons could help them learn how far the balloons can travel, what speeds they reach, and which areas they pass over. This data could be helpful for future military operations.

If the balloons are shot down or fall into the wrong hands, the GPS data might even reveal weak spots in South Korea’s air defenses. This is worrying because it means North Korea could be looking for ways to exploit any gaps in South Korea’s protection systems.

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South Korean soldiers take part in an anti-terror drill, as part of the Ulchi Freedom Shield exercise between the United States and South Korea, in Seoul on August 20, 2024. This was a city-wide civil defense exercise designed to better prepare for any future trash balloons, as well as North Korean drone attacks. Photo by ANTHONY WALLACE / AFP ANTHONY WALLACE

Balloons have been used for surveillance before. In 2023, a Chinese balloon was discovered flying over North America, showing how useful even simple technology like balloons can be for spying. North Korea might be trying to do something similar. If they were to add more advanced surveillance equipment to these balloons, they could gather important information about South Korea’s defense systems.

Even worse, there’s a possibility that North Korea could load these balloons with dangerous payloads in the future, like explosives or chemical weapons. During World War II, balloons were used to drop bombs, and North Korea could be considering a similar tactic. If they were to develop this further, they could cause serious chaos in South Korea.

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A woman passes by the 24-hour Yonhap News TV broadcast at Yongsan Railway Station in Seoul, which displays a news segment featuring a file image of North Korea’s balloons. Photo by Kim Jae-Hwan/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images SOPA Images

While the current balloons are more of a nuisance than a real danger, the fact that they are evolving into something more sophisticated is a cause for concern. South Korea has already started preparing for potential attacks by deploying specialized teams to handle any dangerous objects found in these balloons.

North Korea claims that their balloon launches are a response to propaganda leaflets sent over by activists and defectors in the South. Recently, they accused South Korea of sending drones over Pyongyang to drop anti-North propaganda. Tensions are high between the two countries, and these balloon attacks are just the latest in a series of actions that are making the situation worse.

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A pedestrian uses a fan to inspect sweet wrappers suspected to be from trash balloons sent from North Korea, in Seoul on July 24, 2024. Photo by Anthony WALLACE / AFP ANTHONY WALLACE

Although it’s not clear whether these GPS-equipped balloons are just a test or a sign of bigger plans, this new development shows that North Korea is constantly looking for new ways to challenge the South. As the two countries continue to clash, the use of balloons could be just the beginning of more troubling tactics.

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