A former head of Israel’s domestic security agency, the Shin Bet, has made a startling claim: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu allegedly asked the agency to spy on two of the country’s highest-ranking officials. These allegations have cast a shadow over Netanyahu’s leadership, raising questions about trust, secrecy, and power struggles at the top of Israel’s government.

Yoram Cohen, who led the Shin Bet from 2011 to 2016, spoke in a recent interview about a time when Israel was ...