The ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia has shown the world just how important artillery shells are. As both sides battle it out, the need for 155mm artillery shells has skyrocketed. This has created a big problem for countries in Europe that are supporting Ukraine, who are now scrambling to find enough supplies. But India has emerged as an unexpected player in the global defense industry, offering a solution that could change the game.
Europe’s Search for Ammo
As the war in Ukraine drags on, Europe has found itself in a desperate situation. The EU countries, which have been supplying Ukraine with military aid, are running low on artillery shells. These shells are vital for Ukraine’s defense, and with Russia producing more than 250,000 rounds a month, the EU is struggling to keep up. The solution? Look beyond Europe for new sources.
For the first time, European nations are turning to India, a country that has been positioning itself as a major defense manufacturing hub. Countries like Poland and Slovenia have already started buying artillery shells from India, and now Estonia, another Russian neighbor, is exploring how Indian companies can set up manufacturing plants in their country to produce ammunition.
Why India?
India has long been known for its defense industry, but this recent surge in demand for artillery shells is pushing the country to new heights. India’s defense companies are already producing 155mm shells, and they’re eager to expand. These shells are not only cheaper than Western or Russian alternatives but they’re also seen as highly reliable. The Indian government has even opened up opportunities for private companies to get involved, encouraging a boom in artillery production.
The most significant player in this shift is the 155mm Terminally Guided Munition (TGM), an advanced type of artillery shell that India has started producing. This technology wasn’t available in India until recently, but now, Indian-made TGMs are considered among the cheapest in the world, costing only about $100,000 per shell—far less than the cost of Western or Russian alternatives.
Estonia’s Interest
Estonia, one of the few NATO members that has consistently met its defense spending requirements, has become increasingly interested in India’s ammunition. Estonia’s Defense Minister, Hanno Pevkur, mentioned that Indian companies are eager to invest in Estonia’s defense industry. There’s talk of setting up manufacturing lines in Estonia for not just artillery shells but also armored vehicles and howitzers.
This collaboration could provide a win-win situation for both India and Estonia. India gets access to new markets in Europe, while Estonia boosts its own defense capabilities.
The Global Ammo Shortage
The global demand for artillery shells is reaching unprecedented levels. While modern technologies like drones and precision-guided weapons are important, artillery remains crucial in the ongoing conflicts, including in Ukraine and the Middle East. The war in Ukraine has underscored the importance of artillery, with the fate of the conflict depending on which side can keep firing shells for the longest time.
Ukraine is facing a severe shortage of shells, needing around 2.4 million rounds annually. While the US and EU are doing what they can to help, it’s still not enough. In February 2024, European leaders announced a plan to buy hundreds of thousands of shells from countries outside the EU, including India.
India’s Growing Defense Role
India has been careful to maintain a neutral stance in the Ukraine war, not wanting to upset its relationships with either side. However, the increasing demand for ammunition in Europe and the Middle East has made India a key player in the global arms market. The Indian Ministry of Defence has already selected five domestic manufacturers to supply thousands of 155mm shells for the Indian Army. These companies are also exploring partnerships with international companies to ramp up production.
India’s role in the global defense industry is growing, and its artillery sector is becoming a key part of that. As more countries in Europe and beyond look for new sources of ammunition, India could become a major supplier for nations facing shortages.
The Future of Global Ammunition Supply
As the war in Ukraine continues and other conflicts flare up around the world, the demand for artillery shells will only increase. India’s ability to supply high-quality, affordable ammunition could place it at the center of the global defense industry. With countries like Estonia considering India for defense investments and European nations looking to India for artillery support, the global ammunition market is undergoing a major shift.
India’s defense industry is booming, and the Ukraine-Russia war has only accelerated its rise. With cheaper, reliable artillery shells and a growing global demand, India is positioning itself as a powerhouse in the world of defense manufacturing. The question now is: will this be the start of a new era in global defense, with India leading the charge?
